Colossus 2
Colossus 2 is an operating + expanding ai campus in Memphis, Mississippi. Operated or owned by SpaceXAI (xAI); used by Anthropic, Cursor and SpaceXAI (xAI). Current power: 1.28 GW (estimated). Planned capacity: 2.07 GW (estimated). Verification: verified operating. 12 cited sources.
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Cite this
Datacenter Source. “Colossus 2.” /facilities/colossus-2-memphis-ms. Data as of 2026-10-05. Accessed 2026-10-05.
@misc{datacentersource_colossus_2_memphis_ms_2026,
title = {{Colossus 2}},
author = {{Datacenter Source}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{/facilities/colossus-2-memphis-ms}},
note = {Data as of 2026-10-05; accessed 2026-10-05. Compiled from cited sources, including OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0)},
}Please also cite the original source of any specific figure (linked beside it).
POWER & GRID
Time-to-power · verification · interconnectionPower reality
- ⚠ No public interconnection record for this load.
- ⚠ No permit record linked to this site yet.
How the time-to-power window was estimated
- From “Under construction”, large loads have typically taken 0.5–2 more years to first power (editorial range; see Methodology).
- The window is a range of plausible outcomes under these assumptions, not a forecast. It moves as new filings, queue updates or imagery arrive.
Project verification
- Announcedimplied by a later stage
- Land acquiredimplied by a later stage
- Planning / zoningimplied by a later stage
- Permittingimplied by a later stage
- Interconnection application
- Feasibility study
- System impact study
- Facilities study
- Interconnection agreement / service contract
- Financing
- EnergizationOct 19, 2025
Satellite imagery
- Oct 19, 2025 · Battery facility looks complete (though more might be added). Turbines look connected up, minimal construction around them. We believe this state corresponds to the first compute c[1]
- Jun 15, 2026 · The site is estimated to have at least ~830 MW of GPU server power, with at least "at least 220,000 additional GB300 processors and over 400 additional megawatts of compute power",[1]
- OperationalOct 19, 2025
Satellite imagery
- Oct 19, 2025 · Battery facility looks complete (though more might be added). Turbines look connected up, minimal construction around them. We believe this state corresponds to the first compute c[1]
- Jun 15, 2026 · The site is estimated to have at least ~830 MW of GPU server power, with at least "at least 220,000 additional GB300 processors and over 400 additional megawatts of compute power",[1]
● documented · ◌ implied by a later stage · ○ no evidence found. Dates are those of the earliest dated evidence, which can be later than when a stage actually began. Evidence classes: Model estimate, Satellite imagery.
Grid path
- →facilityColossus 2
- →substationUnnamed substation (500 kV)[3]Proximity onlyUnverifiedNearest mapped substation, 0.14 km away. Proximity does not establish that it serves the site.
- →transmissionFreeport Sub TVA to Southaven Sub TVA 500KV[3]Proximity onlyUnverifiedHighest-voltage line mapped within 2 km (0.19 km away). Not confirmed as the supply path.
- utilityNot identifiedUnknownUnverified
- Substation capacity:
- not published
- Required upgrades:
- not yet sourced
- Congestion:
- not yet sourced (no nodal price data)
Dashed boxes are based on proximity only and do not establish which asset serves the site.
Interconnection records
No interconnection-queue record is linked to this site. Of the ISOs we ingest, only NYISO publishes large-load requests; PJM, ERCOT, MISO, SPP and CAISO queues list generation only.
On-site & dedicated generation
- 6 on-site power generator outlines traced on satellite imagery[1]Epoch AI satellite annotations (fuel type and capacity not identified)Unknown typeBehind-the-meterEstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.Likely
- TVA Southaven Combined Cycle (Natural Gas, 780 MW) is 0.1 km away[6]EIA plant within 1.5 km; proximity does not establish that it supplies the facilityNatural gasCo-located780 MWConfirmedBacked by a filing, deed, permit, interconnection-queue record, or a government or utility record.Unverified
LOCAL IMPACT
Water · generation · incentives · regulation · ratesWater & cooling1
- Air-cooled (chillers / dry coolers)[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Apr 6, 2026.Apr 6, 2026cooling
“The first array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers for Building 1 has been completed and is operational.”
Named in Epoch AI's satellite-imagery notes for this date.
On-site generation & air permits2
- 6 on-site power generator outlines traced on satellite imagery[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.Unknown type · Behind-the-meter
- TVA Southaven Combined Cycle (Natural Gas, 780 MW) is 0.1 km away780 MW[6]ConfirmedBacked by a filing, deed, permit, interconnection-queue record, or a government or utility record.Natural gas · Co-located
Incentives
Not yet collected: we haven't found a source for tax abatements, PILOTs or other incentives for this project. Know one? Add a source
Regulatory events
Not yet collected: we haven't found a source for hearings, rezonings, permits or commission proceedings. Know one? Add a source
Utility & rates
Not yet collected: we haven't found a source for a large-load tariff or commission docket for the serving utility. Know one? Add a source
Location & imagery
Mapped outline- Coordinates
- 34.99324, -90.03866
- Address
- 5420 Tulane Rd, Memphis, TN 38109[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likely
- County
- DeSoto County
No openly licensed ground-level photos matched to this site yet.
Ownership, operation & customers
- 1. Property owner of recordNot identified
- 2. Owner / developer
- 3. OperatorNot identified
- 4. Tenant / cloudNot identified
- 5. End customer / workload
Each link is sourced separately. The property owner of record is often a special-purpose entity; the same company appearing in two roles is shown only when sources say so.
All parties with evidence
- Owner
Power (all fields)
- Current facility power
- 1.28 GW[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
Estimated total facility power (IT plus cooling and overhead) at the latest observed milestone.
- Current IT capacity
- 946 MW[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
Estimated IT load currently online, based on buildings observed operational.
- Planned capacity
- 2.07 GW[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
Projected facility power at the last tracked milestone (2027-02-25); not necessarily full build-out.
- Estimated annual consumption
- 7,824 GWh/yr[2]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Oct 5, 2026.Speculativeestimated
1276 MW × 8,760 h × 70% utilization.
Capacity figures are nameplate or contracted; annual consumption is a labeled model estimate, not metered data.
Grid & electricity
- Nearest mapped substation
- Unnamed substation (500 kV)[3]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Sep 28, 2026.Likelyderived
Nearest substation mapped in OpenStreetMap; proximity does not establish which substation serves the site.
- Distance to substation
- 0.1 km[3]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Sep 28, 2026.Likelyderived
- Highest-voltage line nearby
- 500 kV[3]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Sep 28, 2026.Likelyderived
Highest-voltage transmission line mapped within 2 km.
- State avg. industrial price
- 7.66¢/kWh[5]ConfirmedBacked by a filing, deed, permit, interconnection-queue record, or a government or utility record. As of Jul 2026.Confirmed
Mississippi statewide average, July 2026.
- State avg. commercial price
- 13.65¢/kWh[5]ConfirmedBacked by a filing, deed, permit, interconnection-queue record, or a government or utility record. As of Jul 2026.Confirmed
Mississippi statewide average, July 2026.
- Generation within 50 km
- 2.8 GW[6]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jan 1, 202502.Confirmedderived
10 EIA-reported plants within 50 km.
- Generation queued in county
- 1.92 GW[4]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Oct 5, 2026.Confirmedderived
7 active generation interconnection requests in DeSoto County: Gas 920 MW, Solar 649 MW, Storage 350 MW. Queued projects often don't get built.
- Interconnection status
- Not yet sourced
- Contracted / committed power
- Not yet sourced
| Nearby infrastructure | Type | Distance | Voltage / capacity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 230 kV line | Transmission line | 0.14 km | 230 kV | [3] |
| Freeport Sub TVA to Southaven Sub TVA 500KV · Tennessee Valley Authority | Transmission line | 0.19 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| 500 kV line | Transmission line | 0.84 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| Freeport Sub TVA to Cordova Sub TVA 500KV · Memphis Light, Gas and Water | Transmission line | 1.02 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| Allen Fossil Plant TVA to Freeport Sub TVA 500KV · Memphis Light, Gas and Water | Transmission line | 1.05 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| Freeport - Cordova 500KV · Tennessee Valley Authority | Transmission line | 1.87 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| TVA Southaven Combined Cycle · Tennessee Valley Authority | Power plant (Natural Gas) | 0.1 km | 780 MW | [6] |
| Allen · Tennessee Valley Authority | Power plant (Natural Gas) | 13.5 km | 1.48 GW | [6] |
| Wildflower Solar, LLC (Ms) · Duke Energy Renewables Services | Power plant (Solar) | 13.7 km | 100 MW | [6] |
| West Memphis Solar Station · Entergy Arkansas LLC | Power plant (Solar) | 30.7 km | 180 MW | [6] |
| Sr Byhalia, LLC · SR Byhalia, LLC | Power plant (Solar) | 37 km | 5 MW | [6] |
| Sr Canadaville, LLC · SR Canadaville, LLC | Power plant (Solar) | 41.8 km | 16 MW | [6] |
| Millington Solar Farm · SR Millington, LLC | Power plant (Solar) | 43.2 km | 53 MW | [6] |
| Big Cypress Solar, LLC · Big Cypress Solar, LLC | Power plant (Solar) | 46.1 km | 180 MW | [6] |
| Unnamed substation | Substation | 0.14 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| Freeport Substation · Tennessee Valley Authority | Substation | 0.96 km | 500 kV | [3] |
| Memphis Light, Gas and Water substation · Memphis Light, Gas and Water | Substation | 1.75 km | 161 kV | [3] |
| Largest queued generation in this county | Fuel | Queue status | MW | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| J1813 at Entergy Freeport 230 kV SubstationMISO J1813 | Gas | IA signed · proposed 2020-03 | 920 MW | [4] |
| J2091 at TWINKLETOWN 230 KVMISO J2091 | Storage | IA signed · proposed 2025-02 | 250 MW | [4] |
| J2602 at Twinkletown 230 kVMISO J2602 | Solar | In study · proposed 2026-06 | 250 MW | [4] |
| J2047 at Robinsonville 230 kVMISO J2047 | Solar | IA signed · proposed 2024-12 | 199 MW | [4] |
| J962 at Twinkletown 230 kV SubstationMISO J962 | Solar | Under construction · proposed 2021-01 | 100 MW | [4] |
| J1748 at Twinkletown 230 kVMISO J1748 | Solar | IA signed · proposed 2023-08 | 100 MW | [4] |
Utility, ISO and nearby assets are derived from the site's location. Proximity to a substation or line doesn't establish the interconnection; that needs a utility filing or interconnection-queue record. Queue requests are applications, not commitments — most never reach operation.
Construction & permitting
- Announced—
- Land acquired—
- Permitting—
- Construction startFeb 28, 2025[1]
- First operationalOct 19, 2025[1]
- Expected completionFeb 25, 2027[1]Projected
- Planned capacity
- 2.07 GW[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
Projected facility power at the last tracked milestone (2027-02-25); not necessarily full build-out.
- Buildings (planned)
- 4[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyderived
Count of building outlines traced on satellite imagery.
- Buildings operational
- 2[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
Real estate
None sourced yet
None sourced yet
None sourced yet
- Capital cost / investment
- $35.8B[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
Modeled total capital cost (2025 USD) of capacity currently operational, incl. compute hardware.
- Annual property tax
- Not yet sourced
No county parcel or assessor records linked yet. County records are currently ingested for Loudoun County, VA and Maricopa County, AZ.
Size
- Floor area
- Not yet sourced
Compute
- Chip types
- B200, B300[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Confirmed
- Compute (H100-equivalents)
- 1,111,700[1]Est.Modeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure. As of Jun 15, 2026.Likelyestimated
What changed (last 3 years)
Follow this facility (RSS)- Current IT capacity239 MWOct 19, 2025[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→490 MWApr 6, 2026[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→946 MWJun 15, 2026[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.
- Current facility power323 MWOct 19, 2025[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→661 MWApr 6, 2026[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→1.28 GWJun 15, 2026[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.
- Buildings (planned)
- Buildings operational0Feb 28, 2025[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→1Oct 19, 2025[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→2Jun 15, 2026[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.
- StatusUnder constructionFeb 28, 2025[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.→Operating + expandingOct 19, 2025[1]EstimatedModeled, measured from satellite imagery, inferred from community mapping, or computed by this site. Not a disclosed figure.
Timeline
- Feb 28, 2025[1]
Land clearing begins next to the existing building.
- Sep 8, 2025[1]
Battery facility connected to the building. 121 air-cooled chillers installed, which could support 200 MW. In the Duke faciltiy in nearby Mississippi, several natural gas turbines are in place but not fully connected up.
Battery facility looks complete (though more might be added). Turbines look connected up, minimal construction around them. We believe this state corresponds to the first compute cluster brought online at this site of "approximately 110,000 GB200 processors, approximately 210 megawatts of compute power", as detailed in the company S-1 filing, page 76. Based on those numbers, we believe "compute power" corresponds to GPU server power. Earlier tweets from Elon Musk also support this timing, and it's consistent with the estimated cooling capacity based on the satellite image.
Since October, an array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers has been added (the array of large fans to the left of the building), and appears almost complete. Two more similar arrays appear to be under construction. More air-cooled chillers, batteries, and gas turbines have also been installed.
The first array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers for Building 1 has been completed and is operational. A second array, with larger fans, is about halfway complete (located to the south of the first array). More chillers have also been added. For Building 2, an array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers of the same type as Building 1's first array is beginning construction. We believe this corresponds to the "second cluster of 110,000 GB300 processors and 220 megawatts of compute power" from the company S-1 filing, page 76, with compute power corresponding to GPU server power. This is also consistent with our estimates based on cooling equipment.
The site is estimated to have at least ~830 MW of GPU server power, with at least "at least 220,000 additional GB300 processors and over 400 additional megawatts of compute power", corresponding to the "next phase of expansion" found in the following company S-1 filing, page 76. This estimate is backed up by our cooling and turbine based power production calculations. The cooling calculations suggest there is enough infrastructure to support ~850MW of IT Power. Similarly the energy production calculations support ~900MW of available IT Power. This gives us confidence that the proposed expansion was achieved in time. The roof for building 3 is halfway complete.
Building 3 is estimated to be completed. The site is predicted to have enough power infrastructure installed for a total of 1.5 GW of IT Power. Based on building plans we predict the addition of three more cooling arrays similar to the 6x24 dry coolers near Building 1 and 2. With the completion of current cooling structures and the addition of these arrays there will be ~540MW more cooling capacity for a full facility total of ~1390MW. If this cooling capacity is supplemented by mobile coolers, there would be enough cooling and power infrastructure to support 1.5 GW of IT power.
Buildings on this campus
2- xAI MacrohardrrOperating · 814,800 sq ft footprint
- xAI Macrohard Colossus 2Operating · 963,800 sq ft footprint
All claims (provenance audit)
44| Field | Value | Source | Confidence | As of | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Colossus 2 | [1] | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Status | Under construction | [1] derived | Likely | 2025-02-28 | Superseded / alternative |
| Status | Under construction | [1] derived | Likely | 2025-09-08 | Superseded / alternative |
| Status | Operating + expanding | [1] derived | Likely | 2025-10-19 | Superseded / alternative |
| Status | Operating + expanding | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-01-13 | Superseded / alternative |
| Status | Operating + expanding | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-04-06 | Superseded / alternative |
| Status | Operating + expanding | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Facility type | AI campus | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Address | 5420 Tulane Rd, Memphis, TN 38109 | [1] | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Owner | SpaceXAI (xAI)Owner: SpaceXAI | [1] | Confirmed | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| End users | AnthropicUsers: Anthropic | [1] | Confirmed | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| End users | CursorUsers: Cursor | [1] | Confirmed | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| End users | SpaceXAI (xAI)Users: SpaceXAI | [1] | Confirmed | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Current facility power | 1.28 GW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Current facility power | 323 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2025-10-19 | Superseded / alternative |
| Current facility power | 323 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-01-13 | Superseded / alternative |
| Current facility power | 661 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-04-06 | Superseded / alternative |
| Current IT capacity | 946 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Current IT capacity | 239 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2025-10-19 | Superseded / alternative |
| Current IT capacity | 239 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-01-13 | Superseded / alternative |
| Current IT capacity | 490 MW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-04-06 | Superseded / alternative |
| Planned capacity | 2.07 GW | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Estimated annual consumption | 7,824 GWh/yr | [2] estimated | Speculative | 2026-10-05 | Shown |
| Nearest mapped substation | Unnamed substation (500 kV)way/90962691 | [3] derived | Likely | 2026-09-28 | Shown |
| Distance to substation | 0.1 km | [3] derived | Likely | 2026-09-28 | Shown |
| Highest-voltage line nearby | 500 kV | [3] derived | Likely | 2026-09-28 | Shown |
| Generation queued in county | 1.92 GW | [4] derived | Confirmed | 2026-10-05 | Shown |
| State avg. industrial price | 7.66¢/kWh | [5] | Confirmed | 2026-07 | Shown |
| State avg. commercial price | 13.65¢/kWh | [5] | Confirmed | 2026-07 | Shown |
| Generation within 50 km | 2.8 GW | [6] derived | Confirmed | 202502 | Shown |
| Buildings (planned) | 4 | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Buildings operational | 2 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Buildings operational | 0 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2025-02-28 | Superseded / alternative |
| Buildings operational | 0 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2025-09-08 | Superseded / alternative |
| Buildings operational | 1 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2025-10-19 | Superseded / alternative |
| Buildings operational | 1 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-01-13 | Superseded / alternative |
| Buildings operational | 1 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-04-06 | Superseded / alternative |
| Capital cost / investment | $35.8B | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Compute (H100-equivalents) | 1,111,700 | [1] estimated | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Chip types | B200 | [1] | Confirmed | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Chip types | B300 | [1] | Confirmed | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Construction start | Feb 28, 2025 | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| First operational | Oct 19, 2025 | [1] derived | Likely | 2026-06-15 | Shown |
| Expected completion | Feb 25, 2027 | [1] estimated | Speculative | 2026-06-15 | Shown |