US data center market
Capacity online and in the pipeline, who owns and uses it, and which grids it depends on.
Totals only include facilities with a reported or estimated figure; most sites don't disclose power, so these are floors, not market size estimates. Online = operating sites; pipeline = remaining planned MW at sites under construction or planned.
AI data center capacity over time
Facility power at satellite-tracked AI campuses (Epoch AI timelines), quarterly
Construction pipeline by expected completion
MW from phases with a projected completion date
Power reality
Announced capacity vs. what grid records, construction and operation document. Facility-level sums; sources differ in coverage.
- Announced56.35 GW
- Interconnection requests11.37 GW
- Contracted / approved4.71 GW
- Under construction26.76 GW
- Operational19.38 GW
Plus 366 MW of documented on-site / dedicated generation.
13.79 GW announced at 22 sites has no grid, construction or operating record yet.
- < 1 year9.87 GW · 15
- 1–2 years18.64 GW · 57
- 2–4 years7.54 GW · 102
- 4+ years10.74 GW · 21
- Insufficient evidence— · 13
Bucketed by the midpoint of each site's evidence-based window. Windows are ranges, not forecasts.
- Meta Hyperion · LA5 GW / 2.2 GW
- Quantum Frederick Project · MD2.4 GW / 0
- PowerHouse Carlisle · PA1.35 GW / 0
- OpenAI Stargate Milam · TX1.2 GW / 0
- Meta El Paso Data Center · TX1 GW / 0
- Tract Morris · IL1 GW / 0
- Google Hermantown · MN1 GW / 0
- Hut 8 Beacon Point · TX1 GW / 0
- AVAIO Digital Little Rock · AR1 GW / 150 MW
- Coreweave Helios · TX1.63 GW / 800 MW
Interconnection queues
Active requests to connect to the grid (CAISO, ERCOT, MISO, NYISO, PJM, SPP). Requests are applications, not commitments — most never get built.
11.89 GW of data-center load across 40 project-level load requests (NYISO publishes these individually; most ISOs don't).
“ERCOT is tracking approximately 410 GW of Large Loads seeking interconnection of which ~87% are data centers.”
ERCOT, 2026-04-09States
Click through to drill down
| Name | Facilities | Online | Pipeline | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | 195 | 1.79 GW | 8.17 GW | |
| Louisiana | 7 | — | 5 GW | |
| Virginia | 487 | 4.3 GW | 586 MW | |
| Wisconsin | 12 | 442 MW | 3.57 GW | |
| Ohio | 99 | 1.83 GW | 1.8 GW | |
| Tennessee | 31 | 1.82 GW | 789 MW | |
| New Mexico | 19 | 105 MW | 2.45 GW | |
| Iowa | 62 | 512 MW | 1.9 GW | |
| Indiana | 12 | 1.33 GW | 1.04 GW | |
| Mississippi | 9 | 614 MW | 1.21 GW | |
| Michigan | 13 | — | 1.4 GW | |
| Nebraska | 29 | 843 MW | 359 MW | |
| Georgia | 58 | 923 MW | — | |
| Arizona | 67 | 577 MW | 190 MW | |
| Alabama | 13 | 397 MW | 266 MW | |
| Oklahoma | 13 | 442 MW | 181 MW | |
| Utah | 23 | 179 MW | 411 MW | |
| North Dakota | 5 | 88 MW | 442 MW | |
| New York | 69 | 107 MW | 392 MW | |
| Oregon | 136 | 428 MW | — | |
| Nevada | 41 | 214 MW | 175 MW | |
| Pennsylvania | 51 | 139 MW | 197 MW | |
| Wyoming | 24 | 182 MW | 67 MW | |
| Minnesota | 16 | 241 MW | — | |
| Idaho | 3 | 198 MW | — | |
| Missouri | 17 | 126 MW | — | |
| North Carolina | 27 | 91 MW | — | |
| South Carolina | 16 | 90 MW | — | |
| New Jersey | 62 | 70 MW | — | |
| California | 118 | — | — | |
| Washington | 72 | — | — | |
| Illinois | 56 | — | — | |
| Colorado | 27 | — | — | |
| Florida | 16 | — | — | |
| Maryland | 14 | — | — | |
| Kansas | 7 | — | — | |
| Kentucky | 6 | — | — | |
| Connecticut | 5 | — | — | |
| Montana | 4 | — | — | |
| Arkansas | 3 | — | — | |
| Maine | 3 | — | — | |
| Massachusetts | 3 | — | — | |
| New Hampshire | 3 | — | — | |
| South Dakota | 3 | — | — | |
| West Virginia | 2 | — | — | |
| Puerto Rico | 2 | — | — | |
| District of Columbia | 1 | — | — | |
| Vermont | 1 | — | — |
Largest operators & owners
Online + pipeline MW at linked facilities
- Meta2.94 GW + 7.62 GW · 76 sites
- Oracle590 MW + 7.7 GW · 5 sites
- Google3.66 GW + 2.08 GW · 94 sites
- Microsoft1.96 GW + 3.21 GW · 79 sites
- Amazon Web Services2.98 GW + 1.44 GW · 262 sites
- Vantage Data Centers0 MW + 3.26 GW · 23 sites
- SpaceXAI (xAI)1.73 GW + 789 MW · 6 sites
- CoreWeave900 MW + 1.46 GW · 8 sites
- SoftBank0 MW + 1.5 GW · 2 sites
- Related Digital0 MW + 1.4 GW · 2 sites
- Digital Realty1.2 GW + 0 MW · 89 sites
- Crusoe590 MW + 590 MW · 1 sites
Largest customers & end users
Tenants and workload owners, where sourced
- OpenAI2.52 GW + 11.5 GW · 11 sites
- Meta2.94 GW + 6.62 GW · 16 sites
- Microsoft1.63 GW + 3.21 GW · 5 sites
- Anthropic2.84 GW + 1.48 GW · 5 sites
- SpaceXAI (xAI)1.3 GW + 789 MW · 2 sites
- Cursor1.28 GW + 789 MW · 1 sites
- Oracle590 MW + 590 MW · 1 sites
- CoreWeave200 MW + 600 MW · 2 sites
- Google DeepMind286 MW + 0 MW · 1 sites
- Amazon Web Services139 MW + 73 MW · 1 sites
- G4258 MW + 0 MW · 1 sites
Utility exposure
Most likely retail utility by location (approximate)
- Entergy614 MW + 6.21 GW · 25 sites
- Dominion Energy4.3 GW + 586 MW · 483 sites
- We Energies442 MW + 3.57 GW · 7 sites
- American Electric Power2.25 GW + 1.52 GW · 71 sites
- Taylor Electric Coop INC - (Tx)0 MW + 3.2 GW · 3 sites
- Memphis Light, Gas and Water1.7 GW + 789 MW · 4 sites
- Indiana Michigan Power (AEP)1.09 GW + 1.04 GW · 3 sites
- Alliant Energy0 MW + 1.59 GW · 1 sites
- DTE Electric0 MW + 1.4 GW · 7 sites
- Southwestern Public Service CO0 MW + 1.29 GW · 1 sites
- Bluebonnet Electric Coop, INC0 MW + 1.2 GW · 1 sites
- El Paso Electric0 MW + 1 GW · 4 sites
Grid operators (ISO / RTO)
By facility location
- MISO2.05 GW + 13.09 GW · 153 sites
- PJM7.42 GW + 3.62 GW · 773 sites
- None (non-RTO region)5.2 GW + 5.35 GW · 600 sites
- ERCOT1.79 GW + 5.88 GW · 176 sites
- SPP1.5 GW + 2.28 GW · 67 sites
- NYISO107 MW + 392 MW · 72 sites
- CAISO— · 105 sites
- ISO-NE— · 15 sites
Largest facilities
By online + pipeline MW
| Facility | Status | Online | Pipeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meta Hyperion · LA | Operating + expanding | — | 5 GW |
| Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin · WI | Operating + expanding | 442 MW | 2.27 GW |
| OpenAI Stargate New Mexico · NM | Under construction | — | 2.45 GW |
| Colossus 2 · TN | Operating + expanding | 1.28 GW | 789 MW |
| OpenAI Stargate Shackelford · TX | Under construction | — | 1.96 GW |
| QTS Cedar Rapids · IA | Under construction | — | 1.59 GW |
| OpenAI Stargate Michigan · MI | Under construction | — | 1.4 GW |
| Meta Prometheus · OH | Operating + expanding | 645 MW | 683 MW |
| OpenAI Stargate Wisconsin · WI | Under construction | — | 1.3 GW |
| Goodnight · TX | Under construction | — | 1.29 GW |
| OpenAI Stargate Milam · TX | Under construction | — | 1.2 GW |
| OpenAI Stargate Abilene · TX | Operating + expanding | 590 MW | 590 MW |
| Anthropic-Amazon New Carlisle · IN | Operating | 1.09 GW | — |
| Google Fort Wayne · IN | Under construction | — | 1.04 GW |
| Amazon Ridgeland · MS | Operating + expanding | 273 MW | 735 MW |
Facilities by status
- Operating1703
- Operating + expanding26
- Under construction94
- Planned109
- Unknown30