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Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin

Also known as Fairwater

Operating + expandingAI campusCampusMount Pleasant, Racine County, Wisconsin
90% profile completeness
47 claims from 14 sources
Current facility power
442 MW[1]
Likelyestimated
Planned capacity
2.72 GW[1]
Likelyestimated
Floor area
1.2M sq ft[2]
Confirmed
Buildings (planned)
3[2]
ConfirmedDisputed
Capital cost / investment
$4.7B[3]
ConfirmedDisputed
First operational
Apr 2026[3]
ConfirmedDisputed

POWER & GRID

Time-to-power · verification · interconnection
Time to power
Remaining capacity: H1 2027 – H2 2028
Medium confidencewindow, not a prediction
Project verification
Verified operating
Operation documented by satellite imagery and company announcement.
Current stage
Operational
Furthest stage with documented evidence
Utility · ISO
We Energies · MISO
Substation: On-site substation (likely Mount Pleasant Substation)

Power reality

Announced
2.72 GW[1]
Research estimate of planned capacity (no company figure found)
Interconnection request
No record
Contracted / approved
No record
Under construction
2.27 GW[1]
Building 2, Buildings 3–11 under construction (satellite-tracked phases)
Operational
442 MW[1]
Estimated from buildings observed operational
  • ⚠ No public interconnection record for this load — MISO does not publish large-load requests.
  • ⚠ No permit record linked to this site yet.
AI evidence brief
Summarizes only the evidence on this page. Answers citing anything else are rejected automatically.
How the time-to-power window was estimated
Evidence used
  • Current stage: Operational (furthest stage with documented evidence)[1][3]
  • Stated date: Next projected milestone: 2027-02-20 (modeled/speculative)[1]
  • Required: 2.72 GW
Assumptions
  • From “Under construction”, large loads have typically taken 0.5–2 more years to first power (editorial range; see Methodology).
  • The window is a range of plausible outcomes under these assumptions, not a forecast. It moves as new filings, queue updates or imagery arrive.
Window: H1 2027 – H2 2028

Project verification

Development
  1. Announcedimplied by a later stage
  2. Land acquiredimplied by a later stage
  3. Planning / zoningimplied by a later stage
  4. Permittingimplied by a later stage
Grid interconnection
  1. Interconnection application
  2. Feasibility study
  3. System impact study
  4. Facilities study
  5. Interconnection agreement / service contract
Build & energization
  1. Financing
  2. Under constructionJul 14, 2023
    Model estimate · Satellite imagery · Company announcement
    • Jul 14, 2023 · Reported status: under construction[1]
    • Jul 14, 2023 · Construction start[1]
    • Jul 14, 2023 · Land clearing begins for Building 1.[1]
    • Apr 16, 2026 · Reported status: expanding[1]
    • Jun 23, 2026 · Reported status: expanding[3]
  3. EnergizationApr 16, 2026
    Satellite imagery
    • Apr 16, 2026 · Building 1 is operational. [X post](https://x.com/satyanadella/status/2044767391293509761?s=61) from Microsoft saying this date for Fairwater becoming operational.[1]
  4. OperationalApr 16, 2026
    Satellite imagery · Company announcement
    • Apr 16, 2026 · Building 1 is operational. [X post](https://x.com/satyanadella/status/2044767391293509761?s=61) from Microsoft saying this date for Fairwater becoming operational.[1]
    • Jun 23, 2026 · Reported status: expanding[3]

● documented · ◌ implied by a later stage · ○ no evidence found. Dates are those of the earliest dated evidence, which can be later than when a stage actually began. Evidence classes: Model estimate, Satellite imagery, Company announcement.

Grid path

  1. facility
    Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin
  2. substation
    On-site substation (likely Mount Pleasant Substation)[1][7]
    Satellite imageryLikely
    4 substation outlines traced inside the campus on satellite imagery; OSM maps Mount Pleasant Substation 0.13 km away
  3. transmission
    345 kV line[7]
    Proximity onlyUnverified
    Highest-voltage line mapped within 2 km (0.06 km away). Not confirmed as the supply path.
  4. utility
    We Energies[1]
    DocumentedConfirmed
    Named in a source
  5. ISO / RTO
    MISO[5]
    Service territoryLikely
    Balancing authority: MISO
Substation capacity:
not published
Required upgrades:
not yet sourced
Congestion:
not yet sourced (no nodal price data)

Dashed boxes are based on proximity only and do not establish which asset serves the site.

Interconnection records

No interconnection-queue record is linked to this site. Of the ISOs we ingest, only NYISO publishes large-load requests; PJM, ERCOT, MISO, SPP and CAISO queues list generation only.

On-site & dedicated generation

No on-site, behind-the-meter or dedicated generation found in sources.

Location & imagery

Mapped outline
Coordinates
42.67905, -87.91071
Address
4800 90th St, Mount Pleasant, WI 53403[1]Likely
County
Racine County
Photographs
A Foxconn data center in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin. The company has for years promised to build a state of the art manufacturing facility.
A Foxconn data center in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin. The company has for years promised to build a state of the art manufacturing facility.
Chad Davis from Minneapolis, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Taken on 2 [10]
Geotagged ~741 m from this location; title/description mentions a data center or this facility's operator. May show a neighboring building.

Ownership, operation & customers

  1. 1. Property owner of record
    Not identified
  2. 2. Owner / developer
    Microsoft[1]
  3. 3. Operator
    Not identified
  4. 4. Tenant / cloud
    Not identified
  5. 5. End customer / workload
    OpenAI[1]Likely
    Microsoft[1]Likely
Power supply
Utility:
We Energies[1]

Each link is sourced separately. The property owner of record is often a special-purpose entity; the same company appearing in two roles is shown only when sources say so.

All parties with evidence
Owner
Microsoft[1]Confirmed
End user
OpenAI[1]Likely
Utility

Power (all fields)

Current facility power
442 MW[1]Likelyestimated

Estimated total facility power (IT plus cooling and overhead) at the latest observed milestone.

Current IT capacity
369 MW[1]Likelyestimated

Estimated IT load currently online, based on buildings observed operational.

Planned capacity
2.72 GW[1]Likelyestimated

Projected facility power at the last tracked milestone (2028-05-13); not necessarily full build-out.

Estimated annual consumption
2,710 GWh/yr[4]Speculativeestimated

442 MW × 8,760 h × 70% utilization.

Capacity figures are nameplate or contracted; annual consumption is a labeled model estimate, not metered data.

Grid & electricity

ISO / RTO
MISO[5]Likelyderived

Location falls inside this ISO/RTO footprint.

Balancing authority
MISO[6]Likelyderived

Control area of the containing utility territory.

Nearest mapped substation
Mount Pleasant Substation (345 kV)[7]Likelyderived

Nearest substation mapped in OpenStreetMap; proximity does not establish which substation serves the site.

Distance to substation
0.1 km[7]Likelyderived
Highest-voltage line nearby
345 kV[7]Likelyderived

Highest-voltage transmission line mapped within 2 km.

State avg. industrial price
10.46¢/kWh[8]Confirmed

Wisconsin statewide average, July 2026.

State avg. commercial price
13.93¢/kWh[8]Confirmed

Wisconsin statewide average, July 2026.

Generation within 50 km
3.43 GW[9]Confirmedderived

24 EIA-reported plants within 50 km.

Interconnection status
Not yet sourced
Contracted / committed power
Not yet sourced
Nearby infrastructureTypeDistanceVoltage / capacitySource
345 kV line · American Transmission CompanyTransmission line0.06 km345 kV[7]
Racine - Mount Pleasant 345 kV · American Transmission CompanyTransmission line0.16 km345 kV[7]
Mount Pleasant - Pleasant Prarie 345kV transmission lineTransmission line0.18 km345 kV[7]
138 kV lineTransmission line0.19 km138 kV[7]
Paris (Wi) · Wisconsin Electric Power CoPower plant (Natural Gas)8.5 km360 MW[9]
Paris Solar · Wisconsin Electric Power CoPower plant (Solar)8.8 km200 MW[9]
South Oak Creek · Wisconsin Electric Power CoPower plant (Coal)19.7 km616 MW[9]
Elm Road Generating Station · Wisconsin Electric Power CoPower plant (Natural Gas)19.9 km1.27 GW[9]
Zion Energy Center · Zion Energy LLCPower plant (Natural Gas)22.4 km478 MW[9]
Waukegan · Midwest Generations EME LLCPower plant (Petroleum)33.8 km108 MW[9]
Mmsd Jones Island Wastewater · Milwaukee Metro Sewerage DistPower plant (Natural Gas)38.1 km27 MW[9]
Valley (Wi) · Wisconsin Electric Power CoPower plant (Natural Gas)39.1 km267 MW[9]
Mount Pleasant Substation · American Transmission CompanySubstation0.13 km345 kV[7]
Unnamed substationSubstation0.39 km138 kV[7]
Unnamed substationSubstation0.68 km—[7]
Unnamed substationSubstation0.85 km138 kV[7]
Unnamed substationSubstation2.11 km—[7]

Utility, ISO and nearby assets are derived from the site's location. Proximity to a substation or line doesn't establish the interconnection; that needs a utility filing or interconnection-queue record. Queue requests are applications, not commitments — most never reach operation.

Construction & permitting

  1. Announced
    —
  2. Land acquired
    —
  3. Permitting
    —
  4. Construction start
    Jul 14, 2023[1]
  5. First operational
    Apr 2026[3]
  6. Expected completion
    May 13, 2028[1]
    Projected
Planned capacity
2.72 GW[1]Likelyestimated

Projected facility power at the last tracked milestone (2028-05-13); not necessarily full build-out.

Buildings (planned)
3[2]Confirmed

“housing three massive buildings”

Sources disagree. Also reported: 5[1] (likely)
Buildings operational
1[1]Likelyestimated
PhaseStatusAdded MWCompleted / expectedSource
Building 1operational442 MWApr 16, 2026[1]
Building 2under construction443 MWFeb 20, 2027 (projected)[1]
Buildings 3–11under construction1.83 GWMay 13, 2028 (projected)[1]

Real estate

Official assessments
Assessor's value for a tax year

None sourced yet

Recorded transactions
Sale prices from recorded deeds

None sourced yet

Model estimates
Our model — not an appraisal

None sourced yet

Site area
315 acres[2]Confirmed

“covering 315 acres and housing three massive buildings with a combined 1.2 million square feet under roofs”

Capital cost / investment
$4.7B[3]Confirmed

“$4.7 billion between 2024 and 2028 locally on hyperscale construction in Wisconsin” — Local construction spend 2024–2028 across Microsoft's Wisconsin hyperscale program; excludes compute hardware.

Sources disagree. Also reported: $14B[1] (likely)
Annual property tax
Not yet sourced

No county parcel or assessor records linked yet. County records are currently ingested for Loudoun County, VA and Maricopa County, AZ.

Size

Floor area
1.2M sq ft[2]Confirmed

“a combined 1.2 million square feet under roofs”

Building footprint
296,400 sq ft[7]Likelyderived

Sum of 2 building outlines mapped in OpenStreetMap within this campus.

Compute

Project
Microsoft AI WAN[1]Confirmed
Chip types
B200[1]Confirmed
Compute (H100-equivalents)
445,700[1]Likelyestimated

What changed (last 3 years)

Follow this facility (RSS)
  • Capital cost / investment
    $14BMay 15, 2026[1]→$4.7BJun 23, 2026[3]
  • Buildings (planned)
    3Sep 18, 2025[2]→5May 15, 2026[1]
  • Buildings operational
    0Jul 14, 2023[1]→1Apr 16, 2026[1]
  • Status
    Under constructionJul 14, 2023[1]→Operating + expandingApr 16, 2026[1]→Operating + expandingJun 23, 2026[3]

Timeline

Construction start: Jul 14, 2023[1]
First operational: Apr 2026[3]
  1. Jul 14, 2023[1]

    Land clearing begins for Building 1.

  2. Sep 26, 2025[1]

    Building 1 cooling and backup generators all look complete from above but there is still construction visible around the building. Building 2 is well underway with a foundation and a complete substation. Large carpark and concrete area north of Building 2. Building 3 has a concrete foundation and a substation underway.

  3. Jan 28, 2026[1]

    Building 1 looks complete, but based on Microsoft announcements, it's not fully operational yet. Steel framing is underway for Building 2.

  4. Apr 16, 2026442 MW facility power· 1 buildings operational[1]

    Building 1 is operational. X post from Microsoft saying this date for Fairwater becoming operational.

  5. May 15, 2026442 MW facility power· 1 buildings operational[1]

    The main shell of Building 2 looks almost completed. In Area 2 (northwest of Buildings 1-2), the grading for the original design has been replaced with grading for the new 9-building design, making way for Buildings 3-11. Work continues on the northern substation in Area 2.

  6. Feb 20, 2027Projected885 MW facility power· 2 buildings operational[1]

    Building 2 is operational. This is estimated based on (1) the delay between Building 1 and Building 2 starting land clearing, (2) in March 2025, a Microsoft spokesperson said “fully on track” with the first phase , where “southern datacenter buildings complete, and preparation begins for operations” was expected by late 2026. Finally, while it's not 100% consistent with our estimates, MISO was planning 1480 MW of load for Microsoft in Mount Pleasant in 2026.

  7. May 13, 2028Projected2.72 GW facility power· 11 buildings operational[1]

    Buildings 3-11 are estimated to be operational. The grading for this revised 9-building plan was underway in May 2026, and we assume an average 2-year build time from that point.

All claims (provenance audit)

47
FieldValueSourceConfidenceAs ofStatus
NameMicrosoft Fairwater Wisconsin[1] Likely2026-05-15Shown
Also known asFairwater[2] Confirmed2025-09-18Shown
StatusUnder construction[1] derivedLikely2023-07-14Superseded / alternative
StatusUnder construction[1] derivedLikely2025-09-26Superseded / alternative
StatusUnder construction[1] derivedLikely2026-01-28Superseded / alternative
StatusOperating + expanding[1] derivedLikely2026-04-16Superseded / alternative
StatusOperating + expanding[1] derivedLikely2026-05-15Shown
StatusOperating + expanding[3] Confirmed2026-06-23Shown
Facility typeAI campus[1] derivedLikely2026-05-15Shown
ProjectMicrosoft AI WAN[1] Confirmed2026-05-15Shown
Address4800 90th St, Mount Pleasant, WI 53403[1] Likely2026-05-15Shown
OwnerMicrosoftOwner: Microsoft[1] Confirmed2026-05-15Shown
End usersOpenAIUsers: OpenAI[1] Likely2026-05-15Shown
End usersMicrosoftUsers: Microsoft[1] Likely2026-05-15Shown
UtilityWe EnergiesEnergy companies: WE Energies[1] Confirmed2026-05-15Shown
Current facility power442 MW[1] estimatedLikely2026-05-15Shown
Current facility power442 MW[1] estimatedLikely2026-04-16Superseded / alternative
Current IT capacity369 MW[1] estimatedLikely2026-05-15Shown
Current IT capacity369 MW[1] estimatedLikely2026-04-16Superseded / alternative
Planned capacity2.72 GW[1] estimatedLikely2026-05-15Shown
Estimated annual consumption2,710 GWh/yr[4] estimatedSpeculative2026-09-29Shown
ISO / RTOMISOMIDCONTINENT INDEPENDENT TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATOR, INC..[5] derivedLikely—Shown
Balancing authorityMISO[6] derivedLikely—Shown
Nearest mapped substationMount Pleasant Substation (345 kV)way/903983674[7] derivedLikely2026-09-28Shown
Distance to substation0.1 km[7] derivedLikely2026-09-28Shown
Highest-voltage line nearby345 kV[7] derivedLikely2026-09-28Shown
State avg. industrial price10.46¢/kWh[8] Confirmed2026-07Shown
State avg. commercial price13.93¢/kWh[8] Confirmed2026-07Shown
Generation within 50 km3.43 GW[9] derivedConfirmed202502Shown
Buildings (planned)5[1] derivedLikely2026-05-15Superseded / alternative
Buildings (planned)3[2] Confirmed2025-09-18Shown
Buildings operational1[1] estimatedLikely2026-05-15Shown
Buildings operational0[1] estimatedLikely2023-07-14Superseded / alternative
Buildings operational0[1] estimatedLikely2025-09-26Superseded / alternative
Buildings operational0[1] estimatedLikely2026-01-28Superseded / alternative
Buildings operational1[1] estimatedLikely2026-04-16Superseded / alternative
Floor area1.2M sq ft[2] Confirmed2025-09-18Shown
Building footprint296,400 sq ftway/919948160 way/1510420026[7] derivedLikely2026-09-27Shown
Site area315 acres[2] Confirmed2025-09-18Shown
Capital cost / investment$14B[1] estimatedLikely2026-05-15Superseded / alternative
Capital cost / investment$4.7B[3] Confirmed2026-06-23Shown
Compute (H100-equivalents)445,700[1] estimatedLikely2026-05-15Shown
Chip typesB200[1] Confirmed2026-05-15Shown
Construction startJul 14, 2023[1] derivedLikely2026-05-15Shown
First operationalApr 16, 2026[1] derivedLikely2026-05-15Superseded / alternative
First operationalApr 2026[3] Confirmed2026-06-23Shown
Expected completionMay 13, 2028[1] estimatedSpeculative2026-05-15Shown